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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期 页码 187-219 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0386-y
Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease putatively caused by loss of tolerance to hepatocyte-specific autoantigens. It is characterized by female predilection, elevated aminotransferase levels, autoantibodies, increased γ-globulin or IgG levels and biopsy evidence of interface hepatitis. It is currently divided into types 1 and 2, based on expression of autoantibodies. Autoantigenic epitopes have been identified only for the less frequent type 2. Although autoimmune hepatitis occurs in childhood, this review focuses on disease in adults. In the absence of pathognomonic biomarkers, diagnosis requires consideration of clinical, biochemical, serological and histological features, which have been codified into validated diagnostic scoring systems. Since many features also occur in other chronic liver diseases, these scoring systems aid evaluation of the differential diagnosis. New practice guidelines have redefined criteria for remission to include complete biochemical and histological normalization on immunosuppressive therapy. Immunosuppression is most often successful using prednisone or prednisolone and azathioprine; however, the combination of budesonide and azathioprine for non-cirrhotic patients offers distinct advantages. Patients failing standard immunosuppression are candidates for alternative immunosuppressive regimens, yet none of the options has been studied in a randomized, controlled trial. Overlap syndromes with either primary sclerosing cholangitis or primary biliary cirrhosis occur in a minority. Liver transplantation represents a life-saving option for patients presenting with acute liver failure, severely decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplant recipients are at risk for recurrent autoimmune hepatitis in the allograft, and de novo disease may occur in patients transplanted for other indications. Patients transplanted for AIH are also at risk for recurrent or de novo inflammatory bowel disease. Progress in our understanding of the immunopathogenesis should lead to identification of specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic strategies.
关键词： autoimmune hepatitis autoantibodies diagnosis immunological diseases drug-induced liver injury therapy immunosuppression outcomes hepatocellular carcinoma liver transplantation
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 页码 262-268 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0584-x
γδ T cells display unique developmental, distributional, and functional patterns and can rapidly respond to various insults and contribute to diverse diseases. Different subtypes of γδ T cells are produced in the thymus prior to their migration to peripheral tissues. γδ T cells are enriched in the liver and exhibit liver-specific features. Accumulating evidence reveals that γδ T cells play important roles in liver infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and liver cancer and regeneration. In this study, we review the properties of hepatic γδ T cells and summarize the roles of γδ T cells in liver diseases. We believe that determining the properties and functions of γδ T cells in liver diseases enhances our understanding of the pathogenesis of liver diseases and is useful for the design of novel γδ T cell-based therapeutic regimens for liver diseases.
关键词： γδT cells liver infection non-alcoholic fatty liver disease autoimmune hepatitis liver fibrosis and cirrhosis liver cancer liver regeneration
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 页码 249-261 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0622-3
Natural killer T cells are innate-like and tissue-resident lymphocytes, which recognize lipid antigens and are enriched in the liver. Natural killer T cells play important roles in infections, tumors, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases. In this study, we summarize recent findings on biology of natural killer T cells and their roles in hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection, autoimmune liver diseases, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Controversial results from previous studies are discussed, and indicate the dynamic alteration in the role of natural killer T cells during the progression of liver diseases, which might be caused by changes in natural killer T subsets, factors skewing cytokine responses, and intercellular crosstalk between natural killer T cells and CD1d-expressing cells or bystander cells.
关键词： natural killer T cells hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection autoimmune liver diseases alcoholic liver disease nonalcoholic fatty liver disease hepatocellular carcinoma
The critical importance of epigenetics in autoimmune-related skin diseases
《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期 页码 43-57 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0980-8
关键词： epigenetics autoimmune-related skin diseases DNA methylation histone modifications noncoding RNAs
Laparoscopic treatment of liver diseases in children
Jia Wei, Jiexiong Feng
《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期 页码 388-394 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0165-3
Th17 Cells in autoimmune diseases
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期 页码 10-19 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0388-9
Th17 cells are a new subset of CD4+ T cells involved in the clearance of extracellular pathogens and fungi. Accumulating evidence suggests that Th17 cells and their signature cytokines have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Here, we summarize recent research progress on Th17 function in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We also propose to identify new small molecule compounds to manipulate Th17 function for potential therapeutic application to treat human autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sj?gren’s syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis.
关键词： IL-17 Th17 cells RORγt autoimmune diseases posttranslational modification inhibitors
Natural killer cells in liver diseases
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 页码 269-279 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0621-4
The liver has been characterized as a frontline lymphoid organ with complex immunological features such as liver immunity and liver tolerance. Liver tolerance plays an important role in liver diseases including acute inflammation, chronic infection, autoimmune disease, and tumors. The liver contains a large proportion of natural killer (NK) cells, which exhibit heterogeneity in phenotypic and functional characteristics. NK cell activation, well known for its role in the immune surveillance against tumor and pathogen-infected cells, depends on the balance between numerous activating and inhibitory signals. In addition to the innate direct “killer” functions, NK cell activity contributes to regulate innate and adaptive immunity (helper or regulator). Under the setting of liver diseases, NK cells are of great importance for stimulating or inhibiting immune responses, leading to either immune activation or immune tolerance. Here, we focus on the relationship between NK cell biology, such as their phenotypic features and functional diversity, and liver diseases.
关键词： natural killer cell phenotype immune activation immune tolerance liver diseases
吕桂帅, 程宁涛, 王红阳
《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第1期 页码 110-114 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.017
一个多世纪以前，科学家们就首次发现了肿瘤区域中细菌的存在。但是，微生物在肿瘤发生中的作用近年来才被认识到。近几十年来，与肠道菌群失调相关的疾病代表了全世界最严重的一些公共卫生问题。大量的流行病学研究表明，肠道菌群与某些常见肿瘤密切相关。然而，肠道菌群与肿瘤相关联的具体分子机制仍不明确。研究表明，肠道菌群的改变有助于确定肝癌、酒精相关肝病、非酒精性脂肪肝和肝硬化的发生和发展。鉴于益生菌是一种可通过调节免疫系统促进人类健康的药物，其可能会为肝细胞癌(HCC) 和非酒精性脂肪肝的治疗提供新方向。本文总结了肠道菌群在肿瘤及肝病中的研究进展，综述了肠道菌群与肿瘤和肝病之间的关系。此外，考虑到细菌内稳态的重要性，我们也对益生菌进行了概述，旨在为相关疾病的治疗提供指导。
《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 页码 534-548 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0953-y
关键词： autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) concanavalin A (Con A) human menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) apoptosis mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期 页码 1-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0105-7
Partial liver transplantation, including reduced-size liver transplantation, split liver transplantation, and living donor liver transplantation, has been developed with several innovative techniques because of donor shortage. Reduced-size liver transplantation is based on Couinaud’s anatomical classification, benefiting children and small adult recipients but failing to relieve the overall donor shortage. Split liver transplantation provides chances to two or even more recipients when only one liver graft is available. The splitting technique must follow stricter anatomical and physiological criteria either ex situ or in situto ensure long-term quality. The first and most important issue involving living donor liver transplantation is donor safety. Before surgery, a series of donor evaluations—including anatomical, liver volume, and liver function evaluations—is indispensable, followed by ethnic agreement. At different recipient conditions, auxiliary liver transplantation and auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation, which employ piggyback techniques, are good alternatives. Partial liver transplantation enriches the practice and knowledge of the transplant society.
关键词： partial liver transplantation reduced-size liver transplantation split liver transplantation living donor liver transplantation
Diagnostic criteria of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): a review and reflection
Yu Liao, Yufei Xiang, Zhiguang Zhou
《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期 页码 243-247 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0201-y
关键词： LADA diagnostic criteria autoantibodies insulin independence age of diagnosis
Autoimmune regulator regulates autophagy in THP-1 human monocytes
Liang SHI, Li-Hua HU, Yi-Rong LI
《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期 页码 336-341 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0096-4
关键词： autoimmune regulator autophagy monocytes light chain 3 (LC3)
Ling Dai, Xiang Gao, Zhihua Ye, Hanmin Li, Xin Yao, Dingbo Lu, Na Wu
《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 页码 495-505 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0790-9
关键词： hepatitis B virus-related liver failure traditional Chinese medicine liver regeneration liver regeneration microenvironment cytokines
Assessment of liver volume variation to evaluate liver function
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期 页码 421-427 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0223-5
In order to assess the value of liver volumetry in cirrhosis and acute liver failure (ALF) patients, we explored the correlation between hepatic volume and severity of the hepatic diseases. The clinical data of 48 cirrhosis patients with 60 normal controls and 39 ALF patients were collected. Computed tomography-derived liver volume (CTLV) and body surface area (BSA) of normal controls were calculated to get a regression formula for standard liver volume (SLV) and BSA. Then CTLV and SLV of all patients were calculated and grouped by Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification for cirrhosis patients and assigned according to prognosis of ALF patients for further comparison. It turned out that the mean liver volume of the control group was 1 058±337 cm3. SLV was correlated with BSA according to the regression formula. The hepatic volume of cirrhosis patients in Child A, B level was not reduced, but in Child C level it was significantly reduced with the lowest liver volume index (CTLV/SLV). Likewise, in the death group of ALF patients, the volume index was significantly lower than that of the survival group. Based on volumetric study, we proposed an ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis to predict the prognosis of ALF patients that CTLV/SLV<83.9% indicates a poor prognosis. In conclusion, the CTLV/SLV ratio, which reflects liver volume variations, correlates well with the liver function and progression of cirrhosis and ALF. It is also a very useful marker for predicting the prognosis of ALF.
关键词： liver volume variation cirrhosis acute liver failure (ALF)
王保红, 姚铭飞, 吕龙贤, 凌宗欣, 李兰娟
《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第1期 页码 71-82 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.008
数以万亿计的微生物寄生于人体表面和体内，并与人类起演变多种环境因素可影响胃肠道微生的平衡，这些改变与人体健康和疾病密切相关本文重点关注人体微生与宿主之间的相互作用，总体概括微生物在人体基本生命过程中以及主要疾病中起的作用，如感染性疾病肝脏疾病胃肠道肿瘤、代谢疾病呼吸系统疾病精神或心理疾病和自身免疫疾病等。我们还综述了微生物研究相关术的重要进展，如DNA 测序、代谢组学和基于计算生物信息学的蛋白质组学目前对人类微生态的研究已经更加复杂和全面建议研究应更多关注–宿主微生物的相互作用和因果关系，这有助于我们更好地了解肠道微生物在人类健康和疾病中的作用，并为临床实践提供新的治疗靶点和方法。
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Human menstrual blood-derived stem cells alleviate autoimmune hepatitis via JNK/MAPK signaling pathway
期刊论文
Diagnostic criteria of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): a review and reflection
Yu Liao, Yufei Xiang, Zhiguang Zhou
期刊论文
Autoimmune regulator regulates autophagy in THP-1 human monocytes
Liang SHI, Li-Hua HU, Yi-Rong LI
期刊论文
The “Traditional Chinese medicine regulating liver regeneration” treatment plan for reducing mortalityof patients with hepatitis B-related liver failure based on real-world clinical data
Ling Dai, Xiang Gao, Zhihua Ye, Hanmin Li, Xin Yao, Dingbo Lu, Na Wu
期刊论文
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